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Residential Wiring - The Right Way! |
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Residential Wiring - The Right Way! |
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Switched Together
WHILE EXTREME CARE HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS SELF-HELP DOCUMENT, THE AUTHOR AND/OR PROVIDERS OF THIS DOCUMENT ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, NOR IS ANY LIABILITY ASSUMED FROM THE USE OF THE INFORMATION, CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, BY THE AUTHOR and / OR PROVIDER.
Connections Instructions:
At the Fixture box...
At switch box...
* a) connect the white wire coming from fixture to one of
the main screws of switch. Important Notes: By electrical codes you MUST have at least 6 inches of wire in the electrical box itself, and also the wire must be able to reach at least 3 inches outside the box, it can fail an electrical inspection if the required min. wire length is not met. You may have the wires a bit longer (within reason) but they cannot be shorter. Also see the note on box fill further down in this article. You are allowed to re-designate a white wire to be used as a hot (ungrounded conductor) in switch circuits but in those cases where a white wire is used in this manner, you must wrap a piece of black electrical tape around that white wire inside the box to signify that it is being used as an ungrounded (hot) conductor. You cannot re-designate a white wire that is actually connected to the fixture itself. At the fixture itself, the white wire must be the grounded conductor (neutral) coming from the 'circuit power supply' cable. In the configuration depicted on this page, the white wire going from the fixture to switch has been used to carry a ungrounded conductor (hot) part of the circuit and therefore as stated should have a piece of black electrical tape wrapped around the wire in the box. The white wire from the 'circuit power supply' cable that goes to the fixture itself at the fixture box location is a grounded conductor (neutral) and therefore is left as white with NO black tape on it. Use wire nuts of the correct size to join wires together. For fan / light combination fixtures, most likely it will have wire connections, the white wire will be the grounded conductor (neutral) and connects to the white wire coming from the 'circuit power supply' cable, any green wires are equipment grounding conductors, then there will be two other wires one will be the switched ungrounded conductor (hot) for the light, and one will be the switched ungrounded conductor (hot) for the fan. If you are confused please post to our forums for further clarification. What is not shown in the drawings to avoid confusion, is that each wire cable also has a bare equipment grounding wire included. This wire is connected to a grounding screw in each electrical box (if the box is metal), joined either through the grounding screws in the box itself or via a wire nut to the bare wire of the next cable entering / exiting the box, it is also connected to any grounding screw (if there is one) on the switch itself, as well as any grounding screw at the fixture (green wires that attach to the fixture are grounds). Now if using a plastic box, it is made of a material that is non conductive, however some plastic boxes have a metal strip inside that can still be used to connect equipment grounding wires, in the event that it does not use wire nuts to join the bare grounding wires together. The equipment grounding wire (bare in most cables) must be electrical conductively joined throughout the circuit. Green wires are also equipment grounding conductors.
If there is an equipment grounding screw on the switch it may be
green in color and be separated away from the main connections of the
switch and likely part of the metal frame that is also part of the
mounting structure of the switch. Extensions to this Switch circuit... Be Aware that there is a limit by code on how many wires can be in a given size electrical box, when adding more wires to the same box you may have to install a larger and / or deeper box to allow space for more wires coming and out of the box. Here is an article / explanation in regards to box fill calculations 'Box Fill Calculation' The instructions here are based on the fact that the circuit has already been wired to the configuration shown in this article and we are now making the wiring changes for onward power. From the switch locations.... No onward connections are possible from the switch location because a grounded conductor (neutral) does not exist with this configuration at this location. From the fixture location... Onward 'always on circuit power' and 'switched power' is possible from the fixture location.
Option 1: Onward Always On Circuit Power...
Not shown in the diagram but the onward cable also has a bare wire (equipment grounding conductor) that also must be connected to all the other bare wires at the fixture electrical box. Connection Instructions for onward cable (always on state)
* a) Using an insulated wire nut, attach / join - the
white wire of onward cable + the white wire from the 'circuit power supply
cable' + the white wire connected to the grounded conductor (neutral) of fixture. Identification of wires of onward wire cable...
Black - Ungrounded conductor (hot - always on) **************************************
Option 2: Onward switched power...
Not shown in the diagram but the onward cable also has a bare wire (equipment grounding conductor) that also must be connected to all the other bare wires at the fixture electrical box. Connection Instructions for onward cable (switched)
* a) Using an insulated wire nut, attach / join the white
wire of onward cable + the white wire coming from the 'circuit power supply cable' +
the white wire connected to the grounded conductor (neutral) of fixture. Identification of wires of onward wire cable...
Black - Switched ungrounded conductor (hot - switched) **************************************
Option 3: Onward switched
& always on power...
Not shown in the diagram but the onward cable also has a bare wire (equipment grounding conductor) that also must be connected to all the other bare wires at the fixture electrical box. Connection Instructions for onward cable (switched & always on)
* a) Using an insulated wire nut, connect / join the white
wire of onward cable + the white wire coming from the 'circuit power supply cable' +
the white wire connected to the grounded conductor (neutral) of fixture. Identification of wires of onward wire cable...
Black - Switched ungrounded conductor (hot - switched) Foreign Users: The colors of the wires depicted are based on the standards and code requirements / configuration in the United States and Canada. If you are viewing this site from a foreign country, your wiring standards and color of wires may be different but the principal and sequence of wiring will still remain the same. Therefore the information in this article may still be of use to you regardless of what country you may be in. Just translate the colors used here to the color of wires used in your country in regards to ungrounded (hot) conductors / grounded conductors (neutral) and equipment grounding conductors as well know applicable code requirements in your country.
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Donald Kerr / Wiring Done Right
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